Trowulan

Candi Tikus Trowulan

Trowulan today is a small village on the plains to the south west of Surabaya, not far from the town of Mojokerto. Archaeological excavations, supported by classical literature, however, have revealed that this was formerly the site of the capital of Majapahit, Java's largest and most famous imperial court. The historical period of Majapahit, which reached the apex of its power and glory in the mid 14th century, is especially close to the hearts of the Javanese, who become filled with pride and a certain degree of nostalgia at the mention of names like Gajah Mada and Hayam Wuruk. During the last few years, teams of archaeologists have been busy uncovering and, where possible, restoring the remains of this important historical site. Most of the buildings, which were made from a reddish brick, have of course long since collapsed, but some of the larger structures have partially survived and are at present undergoing reconstruction.

Among them is the split gateway Wringin Lawang, believed to have been the entrance to the residential palace of Gajah Mada; Candi Tikus, a small temple and bathing place; the gateway of Bajang Ratu, as well as a 6.5 hectare artificial lake, known as Kolam Segaran. Recently, a new museum has been opened at Trowulan, displaying many objects of stone and terra cotta, which are discovered regularly in the immediate vicinity. In addition, the museum will soon house another collection of stone sculpture, which is in the process of being moved from the old archaeological museum in Mojokerto. Plans to reconstruct an original 'Majapahit Village' are also underway.

Other Temple Remains

Candi Gunung Gangsir

Besides Trowulan, there are many archaeological remains from the Majapahit period to be found scattered throughout East Java. The most important temple is Candi Penataran, located near Blitar. Built over a period of about two centuries, this enormous complex is the only one in East Java comparable in size to Central Javanese temples like Prambanan. Even so, the design and layout of Penataran is quite different and conforms more closely in appearance to the temples seen today in Bali. The entire complex consists of three walled courtyards containing numerous small tem pies and platforms, now mostly in ruins. The largest and most important building is located at the rear of the furthest enclo sure from the entrance. While Penataran may, at first glance, seem disappointing, a short time spent wandering among the ruins will soon reveal a different picture. The crumbling foundations display a wealth of exquisite reliefs and fine sculpture.